While incidence of ASA was only 3/119 content, semen variables and %SDF was significantly lower near recovery and progressively improved time for normal after 90 days from recovery. wellness. Methods Eighty sufferers were recruited 90 days after COVID-19 recovery. They performed physical evaluation, testicular Dynemicin A ultrasound, semen evaluation, sperm DNA integrity evaluation (TUNEL), anti-sperm antibodies (ASA) assessment, sex hormone profile evaluation (Total testosterone, LH, FSH). Furthermore, all sufferers were implemented International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire (IIEF-15). Sperm variables were weighed against two age-matched healthful pre-COVID-19 control sets of normozoospermic (CTR1) and principal infertile (CTR2) topics. Results Median beliefs of from retrieved SARS-CoV-2 subjects had been within WHO Dynemicin A 2010 5th percentile. Mean percentage of (%SDF) was 14.1??7.0%. Gelatin Agglutination Check (below the lab reference point range. Mean was 31.5??9.6?ml. was discovered in 30% of topics. Bottom line Our data remark that COVID-19 will not seem to trigger direct harm to the testicular function, while indirect harm is apparently transient. It is possible to counsel infertile couples to postpone the research of parenthood or ART procedures around three months after recovery from your infection. Supplementary Info The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40618-022-01887-3. or KruskalCWallis test, as appropriate. Where multiple comparisons are performed, post-hoc results are adjusted according to the Bonferroni method. Categorical variables are offered as counts and percentages and are compared by 2 test. Statistically significant correlations among the variables examined were evaluated using Spearmans rank correlation test. For analyses, we grouped individuals in two severity grades: Severe/Crucial and Mild/Moderate. The probability ideals are 2-sided and Dynemicin A a test) Hormone profile Table ?Table33 shows the hormone profile Dynemicin A of recruited COVID-19 recovered subjects. Remarkably, mean levels of investigated hormones (LH, FSH, total testosterone and prolactin) were well within normal ranges. We could detect that only five subjects (6.2%) had total testosterone levels below the laboratory research range ( ?10.4?nmol/l). The prevalence of biochemical hypogonadism was similar between the two participating centers. Moreover, it should be stressed that testosterone levels did not differ significantly between COVID-19 severity organizations ( em p /em ?=?0.423), and the pattern of testosterone levels among organizations is shown in Supplementary Fig.?1. Table 3 Hormone levels of SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects (instances) in the whole caseload thead th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ FSH (mUI/l) /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ LH (mUI/ml) /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ PRL (ng/dl) /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Total testosterone /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ % TT below laboratory research /th /thead Whole Caseload4.7??3.6 em 3.9 /em (2.8C5.6) 3.7??2.0 em 3.4 /em (2.5C4.5) 10.4??5.1 em 9.8 /em (7.0C12.6) 19.2??8.1 em 17.2 /em (13.5C22.5) 6.2% 5/80 Open in a separate window (Means??standard deviations, medians in italics and 25C75 percentile in brackets) Testicular ultrasonography Testicular ultrasound evaluation of COVID-19 recovered subject matter showed that all individuals had normal testicular volume, ultrasound echotexture and echogenicity and, in general, all ultrasound findings were consistent with individuals age. No subject showed ultrasound indicators of testicular damage or suggestive of earlier orchitis. Mean bilateral testicular volume was 31.5??9.6?ml (median 30.9). In seven subjects, we could detect a unilateral remaining varicocele (grade I-II) in absence of significant testicular asymmetry. Sexual functionIIEF-15 Sexual function investigated through IIEF-15 and Table ?Table44 shows the scores of the various domains of the questionnaire. Erectile dysfunction (Erectile function website score? ?26) was detected in 30% of subjects. Even though we did not find significant variations in IIEF-15 domains among COVID-19 severity scores (erectile function website scores em p /em ?=?0.473 Mild vs Severe), we could observe a pattern of reduction of EF website score in highest severity Dynemicin A marks as well as a pattern of increase in prevalence of erectile dysfunction (Supplementary Fig.?2). Table 4 Summary of IIEF-15 domains from SARS-CoV-2 recovered subjects (instances) in the whole caseload thead PVRL1 th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Erectile function website /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Orgasmic function website /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Sexual desire website /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ Intercourse satisfaction website /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ General satisfaction website /th th align=”remaining” rowspan=”1″ colspan=”1″ % Erectile dysfunction (EF website? ?26) /th /thead Whole Caseload 80 pts 24.4??6.3 em 27.0.